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Cognitive Therapy

Cognition is the act of knowing or thinking.

Some thinking abilities that can be affected by

TBI, stroke, or dementia are: 

Attention and Concentration

The ability to pay attention is an important thinking skill. Trouble paying attention can often lead to other problems and challenges, such as:

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  • Easily distracted

  • Difficulty switching attention from one task to another

  • Learning and remembering new information

  • Difficulty holding or focusing in long conversations 

 Executive Function / Language

A person’s ability to process and understand information often slows down and can become more challenging. This can result in:

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  • Taking more time to understand and follow directions.

  • Reacting slowly to changes or warning signs

  • Having trouble understanding what others are saying or needing more time to understand 

  • Poor decision making

Memory

A person who has difficulty with memory

might display the following:

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  • Trouble with orientation, place and time

  • Trouble learning and remembering new information, events, or conversations.

  • Memory impairments (short and long-term memory)

  • Working memory difficulties 

Social Cognition 

Examples of social cognition problems include:

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  • Trouble starting or following conversations or understanding what others say

  • Getting off topic easily 

  • Trouble expressing thoughts and feelings through facial expressions, tone of voice, and body language.

  • Misunderstanding jokes or sarcasm

Visuospatial Skills

Visuospatial neglect is characterized by reduction or loss of spatial awareness for the contralesional space.

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